Surgical apparatus with indicator

ABSTRACT

An apparatus and system are disclosed for indicating relative positions of elements in a surgical apparatus. The indicating elements can include electrical circuitry that activates visual, audible or tactile indicators, thereby alerting the user that an event has occurred with respect to the instrument. In a circular anastomosis device, the indicator is preferably positioned at a proximal end of the device.

This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/109,134, filed Aug. 19, 1993.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to surgical instruments, e.g., instruments for applying surgical fasteners or staples to body tissue, and more particularly relates to visual indicators for such devices.

BACKGROUND OF THE RELATED ART

Surgical fastening or stapling devices have been used in the medical industry for several years. Many of these instruments require approximation of various components during use. When applying surgical fasteners to bodily tissue, for example, various structures of the instrument must be within a predetermined distance in order for the device to properly function. In performing some surgical procedures, the surgeon may have difficulty in seeing the necessary components to determine when proper approximation has been achieved. Additionally, even when a surgeon can view the various components being approximated, proper gaps and/or distances may be so minute or precise, that even a trained eye may have difficulty in determining if proper approximation and/or alignment has been achieved.

There currently exist instruments which have color coded elements to inform the user of proper gaps between the components. However, these elements are typically formed in windows in the instruments and require the surgeon to take a close look to obtain the desired information.

Additionally, in laparoscopic surgery, the surgeon typically views the operation in a video screen, e.g., a TV monitor positioned remote from the surgical site. If the indicator is positioned on a handle portion of the instrument, the surgeon would need to look away from the video screen to view the indicator. If the indicator is positioned on the distal end of the instrument, then the indicator must be configured and colored so that it is readily viewable in the video screen, taking into account that the positioning of the instrument relative to the viewing scope may be less than optimum for viewing the indicator and that the illumination inside the body cavity may be limited.

Aside from surgical instrumentation that require approximation of various components during use, other surgical instruments are used in surgical procedures whereby such instruments assume multiple positions and orientations during the surgical procedure. For example, graspers, dissectors, scissors and the like assume open and closed configurations in response to actions by the surgeon. Other devices, e.g., electrocautery devices, lasers and the like, supply energy to the surgical site. When using such instrumentation, it is necessary that the surgeon appreciate the status of the instrument, e.g., open/closed, energized/non-energized, etc., to properly utilize the instrument and perform the surgical procedure.

Therefore, there is a need for improved indicators for surgical instruments which would provide appropriate information to the surgeon in a convenient and efficacious manner. For example, it is desirable for surgical instrumentation to include indicators that would inform surgeons that an event has occurred and/or provide information to the user that the instrument is properly aligned and/or approximated to perform a specific function.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides novel visual indication means in association with one or more surgical instruments. Each surgical instrument can include a housing, a first member extending from the housing and a second member positioned in spaced relation relative to the first member, wherein at least one of the members is movable relative to the other. Means are positioned in the apparatus for visually, audibly or tactilely indicating movement of the one member to a predetermined position relative to the other member. The novel indicator means of the present invention includes a power source connected to the indicator means. In one embodiment, the indicator means includes a voltage source, i.e., a battery, a visual indicator which is responsive to electrical current, i.e., a light emitting diode ("LED"), and means for transporting electrical current from the voltage source to the visual indicator. Contacts within the instrument are positioned such that an electrical circuit is open, i.e., the visual indicator is inactive, in one position and closed, i.e., the visual indicator is activated, in another position. Portions of the indicator mechanism, i.e. the contacts, voltage source, means for transporting electrical current and/or the indicator, can be associated with a printed circuit board. The printed circuit board can then be strategically placed within the instrument to provide indication of an event with respect to the instrument's operation.

In another embodiment of the invention, visual indication means are provided which generate a visual indication at a location remote from the surgical instrument to which the visual indication relates. For example, in laparoscopic or endoscopic surgery, surgical instrumentation is utilized such that the surgery may be performed in a minimally invasive manner. In such procedures, the surgeon typically views the movements and actions of the surgical instrumentation on a video monitor positioned in the operating room, the image being delivered to the monitor by cooperating equipment which includes a rigid or flexible endoscope/laparoscope, a light source delivered to the operative site, a camera adapter associated with the endoscope/laparoscope and appropriate transmission cables and the like. According to the present invention, surgical instrumentation to be utilized in the laparoscopic/endoscopic procedure are provided with visual indication means which sense the relative position or condition of the instrument and, through transmission cables and the like, transfer data concerning the position/condition of the instrument to the video monitor. The data is preferably displayed in the form of an icon, symbol or like means, e.g., changes in color, form or position of data displayed on the monitor, which readily communicates to the surgeon relevant information concerning the position/condition of the subject surgical instrumentation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing features of the present invention will become more readily apparent and may be understood by referring to the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a surgical fastening instrument for applying linear rows of fasteners including one embodiment of the indicator mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 2 illustrates a side cross-sectional plan view of a surgical fastening instrument of FIG. 1 in an open and at rest condition;

FIG. 3 illustrates the device of FIG. 2 in which the jaw mechanism is partially closed, and the indicator mechanism remains inactivated;

FIG. 4 illustrates the device of FIG. 2 in which the jaw mechanism is fully closed and the indicator mechanism is activated;

FIG. 5 illustrates the device of FIG. 2 in which the jaw mechanism is fully closed and the trigger mechanism of the device has been actuated so that the fasteners have been driven from the cartridge;

FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate a partial enlarged view of the handle end of the device showing the release mechanism for respectively engaging and for disengaging the retaining means;

FIG. 6 illustrates a perspective view of a surgical fastening instrument for applying a circular array of fasteners including one embodiment of an indicator device of the present invention;

FIG. 7 illustrates a plan view of the cam member incorporated in the apparatus of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the cam member;

FIG. 9 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the instrument of FIG. 6 in which a cam member having a dual pitch helical groove is shown corresponding to the position where the anvil member is located away from the staple pusher member and the indicator device remains inactivated;

FIG. 10 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the instrument of FIG. 6 in which the cam member is shown in a position corresponding to the anvil member being positioned adjacent to the staple pusher member and the indicator device is activated; and

FIGS. 11 and 11A are schematic illustrations of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 illustrates an exploded perspective view of a surgical fastening instrument for applying a circular array of fasteners including an alternate embodiment of an indicator device of the present invention.

FIG. 13 illustrates a side elevational view of a proximal portion of the instrument of FIG. 12.

FIG. 14 illustrates a cross section of FIG. 13 along lines X--X of FIG. 13.

FIG. 15 illustrates an exploded perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a surgical fastening instrument for applying a circular array of fasteners including an alternate embodiment of an indicator device of the present invention.

FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic of the indicator device of FIG. 15.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring now in specific detail to the drawings, in which like reference numerals identify similar or identical elements throughout the several views, FIG. 1 shows a surgical fastening instrument 10 which employs an adjustable closure mechanism and the visual indicator device 100 of the present invention. Fastening instrument 10 is provided with a stationary hand grip or hand rest 12 and an actuating handle 14. An elongated body portion 16 is provided which terminates in a distal jaw mechanism 18 which includes an anvil jaw 20 and a cartridge jaw 22. A fastener cartridge (not shown) is positioned within cartridge jaw 22 for driving staples or fasteners through tissue against an anvil surface positioned on anvil jaw 20. Alternatively, the cartridge can contain the fastener portions of two part fasteners which are driven into retainers positioned on the anvil jaw. At the handle end of instrument 10 is provided a push button 26 for operating an advancement mechanism 28, whose function will be described below. An external portion 101 of the visual indicator device includes housing 103 and visual indicator 102.

As seen in FIG. 2, push button 26 and advancing mechanism 28 extend outwardly from the proximal end of the instrument 10. A releasable retaining mechanism 32 is slidably engaged to the stationary rod member 36 and is coupled to slider mechanism 40 so that as slider mechanism 40 is urged forwardly into housing 30, retaining mechanism 32 is slidably retained along stationary rod member 36.

Advancing mechanism 28 comprises slider mechanism 40 and release rod member 38, such that release rod member 38 and slider mechanism 40 are secured to push button 26. Thrusting push button 26 towards housing 30 slides release rod 38 and slider mechanism 40 into the housing to move the retaining mechanism 32 along rod 36. Slider mechanism 40 extends to linkage structure 42 to activate the linkage structure 42 and urge jaw mechanism 18 distally. Linkage structure 42 moves movable rod 34, as well as fastener driver 56, cartridge frame 44, alignment pin advancement means 24, and cartridge 54 all in a distal direction to selectively position movable cartridge jaw 22 and stationary anvil jaw 20. A more detailed description of the individual mechanisms of the adjustable closure component is described in commonly assigned pending U.S. application Ser. No. 07/779,505 filed Oct. 18, 1991, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Turning to the light indicator mechanism 100 of the present invention, with reference to FIG. 2, an electrical circuit is disposed within the surgical instrument. Electrical contact 109 is fixedly positioned on slider mechanism 40. Visual indicator 102 is in the form of an LED and is disposed in housing 103. While visual indicator 102 is preferably an LED, other devices which emit a detectable response to an electrical current are considered to be within the scope of the invention, i.e., incandescent lamps, liquid crystal displays (LCD's), audible indicators, tactile indicators and light/temperature responsive materials. The electrical circuit includes wires 105, 106 and 107. Wire 105 electrically connects indicator 102 to a voltage source 104, such as a battery, wire 106 connects the voltage source 104 to contact 109, and wire 107 connects indicator 102 to contact 108. Clearly, alternatively, a single wire or any number of wires can be used to electrically connect these components. Illumination of indicator 102 is accomplished by closing the circuit which is achieved by bringing contact 109 into abutment with contact 108 as described hereinbelow. Optionally, a current limiter, i.e., a resistor, may be disposed within the electrical circuit. Current limiter 110 is shown on wire 106.

Referring now to FIGS. 2 through 5, the operation of the surgical fastener apparatus 10 having the visual indicator 100 of the present invention will now be described.

Tissue is first inserted between cartridge jaw 22 and anvil jaw 20 when the instrument is in the position shown in FIG. 2. In this position, contacts 108 and 109 are spaced apart so that the circuit is not complete and indicator 102 is inactive.

After tissue which is to be surgically repaired is positioned between cartridge jaw 22 and anvil jaw 20, push button 26 is pushed in the direction of arrow A as seen in FIG. 3 which moves slider mechanism 40 and release rod 38 into housing 30. Retaining mechanism 32 is slid distally along stationary rod 36, and camming surface 90 of slider mechanism 40 engages stationary post 88b to deploy linkage structure 42. As linkage structure 42 is deployed, movable rod 34 is urged forwardly along with cartridge frame 44, thus urging driving pin 50 along frame track 52. Distal movement of slider mechanism 40 carries contact 109 distally toward contact 108. The force of biasing spring 46 is overcome as push button 26 is urged in the direction of arrow A.

As driving pin 50 moves in track 52, driving link 48 is moved to the position shown in FIG. 3, which urges alignment pin advancement means 24 to the position shown at the jaw mechanism 18. In this position, alignment pin 62 protrudes from cartridge 54 and aligns with the alignment hole in anvil jaw 20 as cartridge 54 moves in the direction of arrow A'.

As linkage structure 42 is deployed and movable rod 34 and cartridge frame 44 move distally, fastener driver 56 also moves distally and coupling arm 58 slides along bearing surface 61.

When push button 26 is fully actuated, linkage structure 42 is fully deployed as shown in FIG. 4, and retaining mechanism 32 frictionally engages stationary rod 36 to maintain instrument 10 in the position shown in FIG. 4. At this time, cartridge 54 has moved into position in the direction of arrow A' so that alignment pin 62 is positioned in the alignment hole in anvil jaw 20. Alignment pin advancement means 24 moves slightly proximally so that alignment pin 62 does not protrude beyond anvil jaw 20, and driving link 48 assumes the position shown in FIG. 4. Driving pin 50 has reached the end of track 52.

In the position shown in FIG. 4, actuating arm 58 has slid off bearing surface 61 and into notch 60 of fastener driver 56 so that the device as shown in FIG. 4 is ready to be fired. In this position, contacts 108 and 109 are in abutment as slider mechanism 40 has traveled further distally, thereby completing the circuit and allowing electrical current to flow from voltage source 104 to indicator 102. The indicator 102 therefore becomes lit to inform the user that the cartridge jaw is spaced a desired distance from the anvil jaw, i.e., in the proper firing range. It should be noted that the length of one or both of the electrical contacts can be modified to accommodate a range of proper firing distances. For example, if it is desired to increase the range of firing distances which cartridge 54 can be spaced from anvil jaw 20, the length (measured longitudinally) of one of the electrical contacts can be increased so that an increased number of points of contact, e.g., positions of slider 40, will complete the circuit to thereby light indicator 102.

Once in the position of FIG. 4, actuating handle 14 is moved in the direction of arrow B (FIG. 5) to fire the fasteners 66. As actuating handle 14 is moved in the direction of arrow B against the force of biasing spring 64, coupling arm 58, having been engaged in notch 60, moves in the direction of arrow C to move fastener driver 56 distally in the direction of arrow D. Fastener driver 56 drives fasteners 66 from cartridge 54 through the tissue (not shown) and into the anvil surface of anvil jaw 20. Upon completion of firing, actuating handle 14 is released and returns to the position shown in FIG. 4.

To remove instrument 10 from the surgical site, it is necessary to release the jaw mechanism 18 to return to the position shown in FIG. 2. This is accomplished by pivoting push button 26 in the direction of arrow E, as best seen in FIGS. 5A and 5B, so that beveled surface 27 contacts the housing 30. As push button 26 is pivoted in the direction of arrow E, release rod 38 travels in the direction of arrow F so that contact surface 78 of release rod 38 pivots release lever 74 as shown, which engages contact face 73 to move clamp member 68 to an upright position and perpendicular in relation to stationary rod 36. This releases the frictional engagement of clamp member 68 so that stationary rod 36 and the entire retaining mechanism 32 is moved along stationary rod 36 in the direction of arrow G due to the force of biasing spring 80. The entire mechanism, including the linkage structure 42, jaw mechanism 18, and retaining mechanism 32 is returned to the position shown in FIG. 2. The electrical contacts 109 are likewise returned to their original position of FIG. 2, thereby breaking the circuit to turn off the light indicator 102.

It should be noted that the adjustable closure mechanism described herein, can be used in other instruments to close the distance between the movable jaw member and stationary jaw member at the stapling or fastening end of the instrument or between two movable jaw members. That is the jaw mechanism may be of the type, wherein one jaw moves toward and away from the other; however, the present invention is also applicable for use with devices of alternative types, i.e., where both jaws move toward and away from each other. The surgical instrument may be of the type which applies metal staples or two part fasteners of the bioabsorbable type. The indicator device of the present invention can be used with these instruments as well.

The surgical stapling or fastening instrument employing the adjustable closure mechanism is a device which may be operated with one hand to effect the closure motion of the jaw members of the instrument followed by activation of the trigger mechanism to fire the staples or fasteners into the tissue. The complex rotational or pivoting arrangement of the prior art devices is eliminated, resulting in a lightweight and easy to handle instrument which is inexpensive to manufacture and easy to assemble.

While contacts 108 and 109 of the present invention have been shown in the handle portion of the instrument, it is within scope of the invention that the contacts may be disposed at other positions on or within the device which permits the circuit to be completed when the cartridge jaw is spaced a desired distance from the anvil jaw. For example, contact 108 may be disposed towards the distal end of the instrument and contact 109 can be secured to a movable portion of the instrument disposed at the distal portion as well. For example, contact 109 can be positioned on movable rod 34.

FIGS. 6-10 show an indicator device of the present invention utilized with a surgical stapling apparatus 111 for performing a circular anastomosis. Apparatus 111 includes a handle assembly 112 having at least one pivotable actuating handle member 114, advancing means 116 and visual indicator mechanism 300. Indicator mechanism 300 includes housing 304 which supports indicator device 302. Indicator mechanism 300 functions in a manner similar to indicator 100 described above. Advancing means 116 preferably comprises a rotatable grip member 118 whose function will be described below.

Extending from handle assembly 112, there is provided a tubular body portion 120 which may be constructed so as to have a curved shaped along its length. Tubular body portion 120 may also be straight, and in other embodiments may be flexible to bend to any configuration. Body portion 120 terminates in staple pusher member 122 which is associated with two annular arrays of staples 124. Positioned opposite staple pusher member 122 is an anvil member 126 which is connected to apparatus 111 by shaft 128. Anvil member 126 and staple pusher member 122 are disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,119,983, issued Jun. 9, 1992, which is incorporated herein by reference.

While the preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes a staple pusher member having an annular array of staples positioned on the tubular body portion, and having the anvil member positioned opposite the staple pusher member for movement towards and away from the staple pusher member, it is contemplated that the anvil member may be positioned on the tubular body portion and the staple pusher member and array of staples be positioned opposite the anvil member for movement towards and away from the anvil member. Such a construction is to be considered within the scope of the present invention.

As seen in FIGS. 7, 9 and 10, the adjustable closure mechanism includes a cam member 180 positioned within rotatable bushing 190 and rotatable sleeve member 192. Cam member 180 is provided with a helical groove 182 having a dual pitch. The first pitch 184 is greater than the second pitch 186, so that first pitch 184 provides for coarse adjustment or a large approximation of the anvil member 126 towards staple pusher member 122, while second pitch 186 provides for fine adjustment or incremental movement of the anvil member 126 towards staple pusher member 122.

In an alternative and preferred embodiment, cam 400 (FIG. 8) includes helical groove 402 having three stages of helical pitch. Stage "A" has a greater pitch than stage "B" which has a greater pitch than stage "C". As pin 196 travels along helical groove 402 (described below), longitudinal travel per revolution of the cam will vary with each stage.

Cam member 180 is secured to inner rod 136 by any suitable means to ensure that movement of cam member 180 operatively advances and retracts inner rod member 136, such as by pin 181. A rotation pin 196 is provided which is operably secured to rotatable sleeve 192, so that upon rotation of grip member 118, helical groove 182 begins to ride over pin member 196 at first pitch 184. Cam member 180 begins to slide rearwardly in bore 194, thus drawing inner rod member 136 and flexible member 134 in a proximal direction. Flexible member 134 is secured to anvil shaft 128, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,119,983. As cam member 180 reaches a point where rotation pin 196 is at the end of first pitch 184, anvil member 126 is positioned adjacent staple pusher member 122. Further rotation of grip member 118, as seen in FIG. 10, causes second pitch 186 to ride over pin 196 to provide for fine adjustment of the distance between anvil member 126 and staple pusher member 122. When surface inner rod member 136 and inner rod surface 135 reach a predetermined position, safety 132 can be rotated to permit firing of the instrument.

Turning to the visual indicator mechanism 300, with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10, the device includes voltage source 306, visual indicator 302, contact 310 and contact 308. Contact 308 is positioned on surface 135 and contact member 310 is positioned in inner tube 133. Wire 314 electrically connects indicator 302 to voltage source 306, wire 312 connects voltage source 306 to contact 308, and wire 316 connects contact 310 to indicator 302. Clearly, alternatively, a single wire or any number of wires can be used to electrically connect these components. With reference to FIG. 10, after grip member 118 has been turned a sufficient amount, as described above, contact 308, carried by surface 135 is brought into abutment with contact 310. When touching, contacts 308 and 310 complete the circuit and electrical current flows from voltage source 306 to indicator 302, thereby lighting the indicator to provide visual indication that a proper gap between anvil 126 and staples 124 has been achieved. In this embodiment, contact 310 extends in the longitudinal direction to provide for a range of contact points with contact 308. At any point where contact 308 is touching contact 310, indicator 302 will be activated and the user will be informed of adequate spacing between the anvil and stapler. Over approximation (i.e., bringing the anvil assembly too close to the staples), could result in contact 308 passing by contact 310 to a position proximal of contact 310, i.e., out of abutment so that the circuit is not closed. Therefore, indicator 300 could not only function to inform the user when the instrument has been sufficiently approximated, but can also function to inform the user when the instrument has been over approximated and the tissue potentially overclamped. While indicator 300 is shown disposed in a central portion of the instrument, it is within the scope of the invention to place the indicator at any position viewable by the surgeon or staff.

In operation, the instrument is positioned within a tubular organ in the body of the patient and the ends of the organ to be joined are positioned in the gap between the staple pusher member 122 and the anvil member 126 so that the anvil member 126 is fully extended. As is conventional, the ends of the organ may be secured over the anvil and the staple pusher member by a purse string suture prior to approximation of the anvil member in relation to the staple pusher member. In this position contacts 308 and 310 are spaced apart. In order to approximate anvil member 126 towards staple pusher member 122,.grip member 118 is rotated so that helical groove 182 rides over pin member 196 causing cam member 180 to begin to move proximally. As cam member 180 moves proximally, inner rod member 136 moves proximally bringing anvil member 126 with it. This moves contact 308 proximally toward contact 310. Further movement of rod member 136 draws the anvil member 126 into position adjacent staple pusher member 122 and locates the ends of the tissue between these two members. In this position, the contacts are in abutment thereby completing the electrical circuit to activate the indicator. This will indicate to the surgeon in an easily perceivable manner that an appropriate gap between the staple cartridge and anvil has been obtained.

Note that due to the pitch of the cam member helical groove, initial rotation of grip member 118 provides for coarse adjustment of the gap or distance between anvil member 126 and staple pusher member 122 and further rotation provides for fine adjustment of the distance between the anvil member 126 and the staple pusher member 122.

Once the appropriate gap has been obtained, the surgeon squeezes handles 114 to fire the instrument. Movement of handles 114 towards the body of the instrument causes inner tube 133 to move in a distal direction, thereby causing staples 124 to be ejected from pusher member 122. When ejected, staples 124 pass through tissue disposed between pusher member 122 and anvil 126 and are formed to a tissue securing configuration upon contacting depressions (not shown) in anvil 126. After firing, the instrument is removed in a manner known in the art.

Preferably, for a circular anastomosis instrument, the indicator is placed in a proximal portion of the instrument, i.e. in grip member 118. With reference to FIGS. 12-14, instrument 500 includes a housing having yoke hemi-portions 532A and 532B and rotatable grip member 534. The proximal end of grip member 534 is provided with openings 502. Openings 502 extend from the exterior to the annular interior portion 504 of grip member 534. When assembled, visual indicator 506 is disposed within annular portion 504 and is visible from openings 502 and from the proximal end of the instrument.

FIG. 12 also illustrates an alternative, preferred embodiment of an electrical circuit for activating visual indicator 506. The circuit includes voltage source 508, visual indicator 506, i.e. an LED, contact 510 and contact 512. Contact 510 is positioned on slider 530 and contact 512 (shown in phantom) is positioned in yoke hemi-portion 532B, proximal of slider 530. Since slider 530 is preferably manufactured from a conductive material, i.e. metal, slider 530 itself can serve to be an electrical contact. Wire 518 electrically connects indicator 506 to voltage source 508, wire 514 connects voltage source 508 to contact 510, and wire 516 connects contact 512 to indicator 506. Both wires 516 and 518 pass through rotatable grip member 534, cam 536, bushing 538, tube 540, washer 542 and safety collar 544.

Visual indicator 506 is activated upon approximation of anvil 126 (FIG. 6). With reference to FIG. 12, rotation of grip member 534 causes cam 536 to draw elongated rod member 546 proximally. Proximal movement of rod 546 will eventually cause surface or projection 548 on rod 546 to contact projection 550 on slider 530, thereby causing slider 530 to move proximally and release safety collar 544. Once safety collar 544 is released, it can be rotated to permit firing of the surgical instrument. Since slider 530 is manufactured from a conductive material, when slider 530 travels proximally a sufficient distance to engage contact 512, the electrical circuit is completed and visual indicator 506 is activated. Alternatively, contact 510 can be placed on any portion of the instrument which moves in conjunction with anvil approximation to the fastener assembly, i.e., on a portion of rod 546, similar to that described above in conjunction with FIGS. 6, 9 and 10.

An alternative embodiment of an electrical indicator device is illustrated in FIG. 16. Indicator device 560 includes printed circuit board 562 upon which switch 564, power source 566, traces 561, 563 and 565, and visual indicator 568 are disposed. Switch 564 includes contacts 570 and 572 and projection 574 which is biased in an outward direction. In a static state, contacts 570 and 572 are in a spaced relationship and do not permit electricity to flow from power source 566 to visual indicator 568, via traces 561, 563 and 565. When projection 574 is forced inward, contact 570 can be caused to abut contact 572, thereby completing the electrical circuit and activating indicator 568.

Indicator device 560 can be disposed in a portion of a surgical instrument and positioned such that a movement within the instrument activates the indicator. For example, with reference to the circular anastomosis device 700 of FIG. 15, indicator device 560 is disposed in rotatable grip member 1016. Instrument 700 includes body or housing half sections 1012a and 1012b which are preferably molded and joined together by suitable fastening means such as rivets 1028, or the like. To control axial movement of anvil member 1024, elongated member 1030 is slidably mounted within body portion 1012, preferably by being securely mounted to helical cam member 1032 by any suitable means such as, for example, welding or the like. Helical cam member 1032 is slidably mounted within anvil adjustment member or rotatable grip member 1016 by way of bushing 1034 which is securely mounted in open end 1036 of anvil adjustment member 1016. In a preferred embodiment, both the mounting of bushing 1034 and the camming of helical cam 1032 is accomplished by compound pin 1038 which has central portion 1038a and extending portions 1038b and 1038c which are of reduced diameter. Portions 1038a and 1038b are press fitted into bores 1040 and 1042, respectively, located on bushing 1034 and anvil adjustment member 1016, respectively. Lower extending portion 1038c serves as a camming pin and fits within the helical groove formed on the surface of helical cam 1032. The distal end of elongated member 1030 is provided with means to retain anvil member 1024.

The fastener firing mechanism of instrument 700 includes fastener firing member 1056 which is slidably mounted within body portion 1012 preferably such that fastener firing member 1056 is disposed around elongated member 1030. Fastener firing member 1056 is preferably biased in a proximal direction by suitable biasing means such as spring 1058. Fastener firing levers 1020 are pivotably mounted to body portion 1012 and have extended portions 1060 which cross over each other in scissor-like fashion. Bearing block 1062 is mounted on fastener firing member 1056, for example, being held between flexible finger portions 1064 and raised portions 1066 which are formed in the side walls of fastener firing member 1056. Fastener firing member 1056 has bearing surfaces such as tabs 1068 found at the distal portion which serve to urge a pusher member within fastener head portion 1022 in a distal direction in order to eject surgical fasteners from fastener head portion 1022.

In operation, Rotation of grip member 1016 causes cam member 1032, U-shaped anvil bands 1030 to move longitudinally within the instrument. Proximal movement causes the proximal end of cam 1032 to contact projection 574 of indicator 560, thereby activating visual indicator 568. With visual indicator 568 activated, the surgeon is alerted that the instrument is ready for firing.

Other embodiments of the circular anastomosis instrument as well as the detailed operation are disclosed in commonly assigned copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/959,275 filed Oct. 10, 1992, the entire contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Turning to a further alternative embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 11 shows schematically a system whereby data is transmitted to a video monitor for display, such data relating to the position and/or condition of one or more surgical instruments. As shown in FIG. 11, a laparoscopic surgical procedure is being performed wherein a plurality of trocar sleeves 400 are inserted through a body wall 402 to provide access to a body cavity 404. A laparoscope 406 is inserted through one of the trocar sleeves 400 to provide illumination (light cable 408 is shown leading toward a light source, not pictured) to the surgical site and to obtain an image thereof. A camera adapter 410 is attached at the proximal end of laparoscope 406 and image cable 412 extends therefrom to a control box 414 discussed in more detail below. Image cable inputs to image receiving port 416 on control box 414.

Additional surgical instrumentation 418, 420 are inserted through additional trocar sleeves 400 which extend through body wall 402. In FIG. 11, instrument 418 schematically illustrates an endoscopic stapling device, e.g., an Endo GIA* instrument manufactured by the assignee of this application, and instrument 420 schematically illustrates a hand instrument, e.g., an Endo Grasp* device also manufactured by the present assignee. Additional and/or alternative instruments may also be utilized according to the present invention; the illustrated instruments are merely exemplary of surgical instruments which may be utilized according to the present invention.

Instruments 418, 420 include adapters 422, 424 associated with their respective handle portions. The adapters electronically communicate with conductive mechanisms (not pictured) of the type described hereinabove with respect to the embodiments of FIGS. 1-10. These mechanisms, which include electrically conductive contact members electrically connected by wires, cables and the like, are associated with the distal elements of the respective instruments, e.g., the anvil 426 and cartridge 428 of the Endo GIA* instrument, the jaws 430, 432 of the Endo Grasp* device, and the like. The mechanisms are adapted to interrupt an electronic circuit when the distal elements are in a first position or condition and to complete the electronic circuit when the distal elements are in a second position or condition. A voltage source for the electronic circuit may be provided in the surgical instrument, e.g., in the form of a battery, or supplied from control box 414 through cables 434 and 436.

Control box 414 includes a plurality of jacks 438 which are adapted to receive cables 434, 436 and the like. Control box 414 further includes an outgoing adapter 440 which is adapted to cooperate with a cable 442 for transmitting the laparoscopic image obtained by the laparoscope 406 together with data concerning surgical instruments 418, 420 to video monitor 444. Circuitry within control box 414 is provided for converting the presence of an interrupted circuit, e.g., for the electronics within cable 434 and the mechanism associated with the distal elements of instrument 418, to an icon or symbol for display on video monitor 444. Similarly, the circuitry within control box 414 is adapted to provide a second icon or symbol to video monitor 444 when a completed circuit exists for cable 434 and the associated mechanism.

Illustrative icons/symbols 446, 448 are shown on video monitor 444. Icon 446 shows a surgical staple and could be used to communicate to the surgeon that the cartridge 428 and anvil 426 of instrument 418 are properly positioned to form staples in tissue 450. Icon 446 could take another form when the cartridge 428 and 426 are not properly positioned for forming staples, thereby interrupting the circuit, e.g., as shown in FIG. 11A. Icon 448 shows a hand instrument with jaws spread apart, thereby communicating to the surgeon that the jaws 430, 432 of instrument 420 are open. Icon 448 could take another form when jaws 430, 432 are closed, thereby completing the circuit, e.g., as shown in FIG. 11A.

As will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from the disclosure herein, alternative icons/symbols and/or display indicia may be utilized to communicate to the surgeon the position/condition of surgical instruments utilized according to the present invention, e.g., flashing icons, variable color icons, repositioned icons. Regardless of the type of icon/symbol/indicia selected, the presence of the icons/symbols/indicia on the video monitor permit the surgeon to easily and conveniently ascertain the position/condition of a surgical instrument while viewing the video monitor on which the progress of the surgical procedure is being displayed. The surgeon may also, at his or her election, disconnect the cables from the surgical instruments, thereby disabling the icon/symbol/indicia system, without effecting the operation of the subject surgical instrument.

While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. For example, while the electrical circuit for the above-described instrument have been described in terms of wires, it is understood that any method of transferring electrical current between the voltage source and visual indicator is within the scope of the present invention. In this regard, for example, the electrical path can be defined by conductive materials coated or plated on the handle, body, or movable parts. Other electrically conductive materials include bonded wires and flex cables. The electrical circuit can be completed in any known manner, including, for example, the use of magnets, reed switches etc. Furthermore, multiple indicators can be used to indicate different events such as the proper placement of a staple cartridge, the firing of the instrument, etc.

Similarly, the transfer of the electronic data from the surgical instrument to the control box may be accomplished by a transmitter associated with the surgical instrument and a receiver associated with the control box, thereby obviating the need for a cable extending therebetween. In a transmitter/receiver embodiment, a voltage source is required within the surgical instrument to power the circuitry and the transmitter.

The voltage source is preferably a battery, and most preferably a lithium battery. However, other sources of electrical current are considered to be within the scope of the present invention, i.e., photo voltaic cells, external plugs, and the like. Accordingly, modifications such as those suggested above, but not limited thereto, are to be considered within the scope of the invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A surgical stapling apparatus comprising:a housing having proximal and distal end portions; a tubular shaft extending from said housing distal end portion, said tubular shaft having proximal and distal end portions; a fastener carrying cartridge positioned at said tubular shaft distal end portion, said cartridge having a plurality of fasteners disposed in a circular array therein; an anvil member disposed opposite said cartridge; means for moving said anvil relative to said cartridge, said anvil moving means being at least partially disposed at said housing proximal end portion; first and second electrical contact members disposed within said housing, at least one of said contact members being movable in response to movement of said anvil moving means; an indicator disposed within said housing, said indicator being associated with a printed circuit board; a voltage source disposed within said housing, said voltage source communicating with said electrical contacts and said indicator to activate said indicator upon movement of said anvil moving means; and a safety mechanism associated with said housing for preventing undesired firing of the apparatus, wherein said indicator is activated upon movement of a portion of the apparatus which releases the safety mechanism.
 2. An apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said anvil moving means comprises an elongated member at least partially disposed within said housing.
 3. An apparatus as recited in claim 2, wherein said anvil moving means further comprises a rotatable member for moving said elongated member.
 4. An apparatus as recited in claim 3, wherein said rotatable member is disposed at the proximal end of said housing.
 5. An apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said indicator is disposed in said housing proximal end portion.
 6. An apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein when said fastener cartridge and said anvil member are spaced a predetermined distance from each other, said indicator is activated.
 7. An apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said first and second electrical contacts are disposed in a switch.
 8. An apparatus as recited in claim 7, wherein said anvil moving means comprises a cam member having proximal and distal end portions and wherein proximal movement of said cam member causes the proximal end portion of said cam member to contact said switch, thereby activating said indicator.
 9. In a surgical stapling apparatus having a housing, an anvil extending from a distal end of said housing, a cartridge containing a plurality of fasteners positioned opposite said anvil, said fasteners disposed in a circular array in said cartridge, and means for relatively moving said anvil and cartridge; the improvement comprising:means positioned in said housing and responsive to relative movement of said cartridge and anvil for indicating the relative movement of said cartridge and anvil to a predetermined position, said indicating means being connected to a voltage source, wherein at least a portion of said indicating means is associated with a printed circuit board and is at least partially disposed in a proximal end of said housing; and a safety mechanism associated with said housing for preventing undesired firing of the apparatus, wherein said indicator means is activated upon movement of a portion of the apparatus which releases the safety mechanism.
 10. An apparatus as recited in claim 9, wherein said indicating means comprises first and second electrical contacts adapted to come into contact upon sufficient movement of said moving means.
 11. An apparatus as recited in claim 10, wherein said moving means comprises an elongate slidable rod member.
 12. An apparatus as recited in claim 11, wherein said rod member is adapted to engage at least one said electrical contacts.
 13. An apparatus as recited in claim 12, wherein at least one said electrical contacts is positioned within said housing.
 14. An apparatus as recited in claim 10, wherein said voltage source is entirely within said housing and is in electrical communication with said first and second contacts.
 15. An apparatus as recited in claim 10, wherein said first and second electrical contacts are disposed in a switch.
 16. An apparatus as recited in claim 15, wherein said moving means comprises a cam member having proximal and distal end portions and wherein proximal movement of said cam member causes the proximal end portion of said cam member to contact said switch, thereby activating said indicator.
 17. A surgical stapling apparatus comprising:a housing having proximal and distal end portions; a tubular shaft extending from said housing distal end portion, said tubular shaft having proximal and distal end portions; a fastener carrying cartridge positioned at said tubular shaft distal end portion, said cartridge having a plurality of fasteners disposed in a circular array therein; an anvil member disposed opposite said cartridge; means for moving said anvil relative to said cartridge, said anvil moving means being at least partially disposed at said housing proximal end portion; first and second electrical contact members disposed within said housing, at least one of said contact members being movable in response to movement of said anvil moving means; an indicator at least partially disposed within said housing; a voltage source at least partially disposed within said housing, said voltage source communicating with said electrical contacts and said indicator to activate said indicator upon movement of said anvil moving means; and a safety mechanism associated with said housing for preventing undesired firing of apparatus, wherein said indicator is activated upon movement of a portion of said apparatus which releases said safety mechanism.
 18. A surgical stapling apparatus comprising:a housing having proximal and distal end portions; a tubular shaft extending from said housing distal end portion, said tubular shaft having proximal and distal end portions; a fastener carrying cartridge positioned at said tubular shaft distal end portion, said cartridge having a plurality of fasteners disposed in a circular array therein; an anvil member disposed opposite said cartridge; means for moving said anvil relative to said cartridge, said anvil moving means being at least partially disposed at said housing proximal end portion; first and second electrical contact members disposed within said housing, at least one of said contact members being movable in response to movement of said anvil moving means; an indicator disposed within said housing; a voltage source disposed within said housing, said voltage source communicating with said electrical contacts and said indicator to activate said indicator upon movement of said anvil moving means; and a safety mechanism associated with said housing for preventing undesired firing of the apparatus, wherein said indicator is activated upon movement of a portion of the apparatus which releases the safety mechanism.
 19. In a surgical stapling apparatus having a housing, an anvil extending from a distal end of said housing, a cartridge containing a plurality of fasteners positioned opposite said anvil, said fasteners disposed in a circular array in said cartridge, and means for relatively moving said anvil and cartridge; the improvement comprising:means positioned in said housing and responsive to relative movement of said cartridge and anvil for indicating the relative movement of said cartridge and anvil to a predetermined position, said indicating means being connected to a voltage source, wherein at least a portion of said indicating means is at least partially disposed in a proximal end of said housing; and a safety mechanism associated with said housing for preventing undesired firing of the apparatus, wherein said indicator means is activated upon movement of a portion of the apparatus which releases the safety mechanism. 